二十世纪初,清王朝面临着崩溃的危机.但统治阶级仍然对外卑躬屈节,出卖主权;对内骄奢淫佚,横征暴敛.面对这种情况,一些知识分子痛心疾首,纷纷挥笔抨击社会黑暗.这就是从义和团到辛亥革命前后十多年内谴责小说盛行的原因.谴责小说主要有以下四大家:李宝嘉(1867-1907年)字伯元,别署南亭亭长,江苏武进人,累考科举不中.后在上海主办报刊,曾编《海上繁华报》、《绣像小说》等.由于他在上海多年,相当熟悉清末的官场生活,所以写了长篇小说《官场现形记》五编六十回.据说李伯元写五编未完即去世,后数回由茂苑惜秋生(欧阳巨源)赓续而成.该书于1903年由《世界繁华报》馆刊印,1904年又由粤东书局以《增注绘画官场现形记》本 At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Qing dynasty faced a crisis of collapse, but the ruling class still outsparked and betrayed the sovereignty of the outside world, and became extremely prostitutes and worshiped internally and violently. In the face of this situation, some intellectuals were bitter and sworn to attack the society Darkness.This is the reason why the condemned novels prevailed in the 10 years before and after the Boxers.The condemned novels mainly consist of the following four families: Li Baojia (1867-1907) After the imperial examinations, the press was hosted in Shanghai and compiled “The Sea Bustling Newspaper,” “Embroidery Novel”, etc. Because of his many years in Shanghai, he was very familiar with the officialdom in the late Qing Dynasty and wrote the novel “Official Annals” Ten times back .It is said that Li Bo-yuan wrote five series of incomplete death, the latter back from Mao Yuan Xichuosheng (Ouyang Juyuan) 赓 continued from the book in 1903 by the “world bustling newspaper” Museum printed in 1904 by the eastern Guangdong Bookstore to “add note drawing bureaucratic” this