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目的快速评估广州市城区居民甲型H1N1流感(以下简称甲流)疫苗接种意愿,分析影响接种意愿的因素,为实施甲流疫苗接种工作提供科学依据。方法2009年9月采用自行设计的调查问卷,在4个居民休闲集散点采用街头随机拦截的方法对广州市城区常住居民及暂住超过3个月的外来人员进行调查,调查内容包括基本情况、对甲流及其疫苗的知晓及态度情况,被访者接种意愿及让其小孩(如果有)接种的意愿和不接种的原因;对影响接种意愿的因素进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果469名被访者甲流疫苗免费接种意愿率为40.7%(191/469),被访者为其小孩接种甲流疫苗意愿率为81.6%(168/206),;一线人员(包括医务人员、警务人员、公交司机及老师)接种意愿率为51.0%(26/51);不同性别、年龄、职业和文化程度人群的接种意愿率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不接种疫苗的主要原因是“身体健康,不需接种”(54.3%,151/278),其次“担心疫苗不安全及无效”(13.0%,36/278);非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,担心自己或家人感染(OR=2.615)、知道甲流疫苗研制成功(OR=2.347)、认为疫苗有效(OR=1.306)是影响被访者接种意愿的因素(均P<0.05)。结论广州市部分被访者(包括一线人员)的接种甲流疫苗意愿率较低,且比为其小孩接种的意愿率低。应加强对广州市城区居民甲流及其疫苗相关知识的健康教育,以提高其接种甲流疫苗的依从性。
Objective To rapidly evaluate the willingness of vaccination against influenza A (H1N1) in urban areas of Guangzhou and analyze the factors influencing the willingness of inoculation, so as to provide a scientific basis for the implementation of influenza A vaccination. Methods In September 2009, self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate random residents intercepted in the downtown area of Guangzhou and randomly assigned residents who lived in Guangzhou for more than three months. The investigation included basic information, Awareness and attitude towards H1N1 and its vaccine, willingness of respondents to inoculate and willingness to vaccinate their children (if any), and non-vaccination reasons; and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis of factors influencing vaccination willingness. Results The willingness rate of free vaccination of 469 respondents was 40.7% (191/469). The respondents were 81.6% (168/206) their willingness to vaccinate their children with a flu vaccine. The frontline staff (including medical staff , Police officers, bus drivers and teachers) were 51.0% (26/51). There was no significant difference in the willingness rate of vaccination among different gender, age, occupation and educational level (P> 0.05) (54.3%, 151/278), followed by “fear of vaccine insecurity and ineffectiveness” (13.0%, 36/278); the results of unconditional logistic regression analysis (OR = 2.615), knew that the vaccine was successfully developed (OR = 2.347), and considered the vaccine effective (OR = 1.306) as the factors affecting the respondents’ willingness to inoculation (all P <0.05). Conclusion Some respondents in Guangzhou (including first-line staff) have a lower willingness to inoculate a flu vaccine and a lower willingness to inoculate their children. Health education should be strengthened on the knowledge of A flu and its vaccine in urban areas of Guangzhou so as to increase the compliance of its vaccination with A flu vaccine.