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目的:本研究采用问卷和行为任务相结合,系统研究醉酒驾驶者的不同维度的冲动行为特征及其与酒精使用严重程度的关系。方法:收集某看守所在押醉酒驾驶者73名,采用密西根酒精筛查量表(MAST)评估酒精使用严重程度,UPPS-P冲动量表和感觉寻求量表测量冲动性特质,采用爱荷华赌博任务、延迟折扣、概率折扣和停止信号任务测量醉酒驾驶者的冲动决策和行为抑制能力。将不同类型的冲动行为特征和酒精使用程度进行相关分析。结果:醉酒驾驶者的酒精使用严重程度的分数与UPPS-P冲动量表总分(r=0.529,P<0.01),以及负性情绪状态下的冲动性(r=0.510,P<0.01)、缺乏毅力(r=0.302,P<0.01)、快感寻求(r=0.259,P<0.05)、正性情绪状态下的冲动性(r=0.536,P<0.05)这四个维度显著正相关;与感觉寻求量表的去抑制(r=0.460,P<0.01)这个分量表分呈显著正相关,与爱荷华赌博任务(IGT)得分显著负相关(r=-0.266,P<0.05)。但与延迟折扣任务、概率折扣任务、停止信号任务没有显著相关。结论:酒精使用程度与冲动性的行为特征有显著相关性,主要表现为在酒精使用越严重的个体在情绪激发状态下更加容易表现出冲动控制困难和冲动决策行为。
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we used a combination of questionnaires and behavioral tasks to systematically study the impulsive behavior characteristics of drunk drivers in different dimensions and their relationship with the severity of alcohol use. Methods: Seventy-three drunk drivers at a detention center were collected. The severity of alcohol use, the impulsiveness of the UPPS-P impulse scale and the sensory seeking scale were measured using the Michigan Alcohol Screening Scale (MAST) Tasks, Delayed Discounts, Probability Discounts, and Stopped Signal Tasks measure impulsive driver’s impulsiveness decisions and behavioral inhibition. Correlation analysis of different types of impulsive behavior and alcohol use. Results: The drunk driver’s alcohol use severity score was correlated with the UPPS-P impulsivity score (r = 0.529, P <0.01) and impulsivity (r = 0.510, P <0.01) Lack of perseverance (r = 0.302, P <0.01), pleasure seeking (r = 0.259, P <0.05) and positive impulsivity (r = 0.536, There was a significant positive correlation between subscale scale (r = 0.460, P <0.01) and IGT score (r = -0.266, P <0.05). However, there is no significant correlation with the delayed discount task, the probability discount task, and the stop signal task. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the degree of alcohol use and the impulsive behavioral characteristics. The main manifestation is that the more serious the alcohol use is, the more emotionally stimulated it is, the easier it is to control the impulse control and the impulsive decisions.