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在西方数千年法律思想的长河中,“自然法”这一名称被不同的人在不同时期、为不同目的而运用。关于“法的本源”问题的探讨和争论导致了西方法律思想史中最早也是发展最曲折的法学流派———自然法学派的诞生。回顾这一流派产生的初期,在古希腊、古罗马和欧洲中世纪时期,自然法思想的基本理论框架已经形成,并且在其哲学倾向上表现出了客观主义和形而上学的特点。通过分析和认识这些特点,可以帮助我们正确理解和把握西方古代自然法思想的精髓,辨证和客观地评价其历史局限性,更加全面地看待其在西方法律思想史中的地位和作用。
In the course of thousands of years of Western legal thought, the name “natural law” is used by different people for different purposes at different times. The discussion and controversy over the origin of the “law” led to the birth of the school of natural law, the earliest and most developed school of law in the history of western legal thought. Looking back to the early days of this genre, the basic theoretical framework of the natural law thought was formed during the Middle Ages in ancient Greece, ancient Rome and Europe, and it showed objectivism and metaphysical features in its philosophical tendencies. By analyzing and understanding these characteristics, we can help us correctly understand and grasp the essence of Western ancient natural law thought, dialectically and objectively evaluate its historical limitations and more fully understand its position and role in Western legal thought history.