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目的分析昭通市麻疹发病情况,探索麻疹高发原因,为防控提供参考,达到早日实现消除麻疹的目标。方法应用描述性流行病学研究方法通过Excel 2007和SPSS18.0进行数据统计分析。结果 2006-2015年昭通市共报告麻疹病例3 224例,年平均发病率6.22/10万,发病率水平总体呈下降趋势。病例主要集中在中心城市昭阳区,占发病总数的29.60%,不同县区间发病差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。发病率最高是2007年(25.21/10万),最低是2010年(0.18/10万),不同年份发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。每年12月和5月发病较多,出现2个发病高峰,不同月份发病构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),麻疹发病存在周期性和季节性。2-15岁发病人数较多,占发病总数的41.07%(1 324/3 224)。2009年后麻疹发病主要集中在2岁以下的散居儿童。免疫史中免疫1次的占16.9%,免疫2次的占3.19%,未免疫及不详的占57.44%。结论昭通市麻疹发病具有周期性和季节性,昭阳区是麻疹发病的重点地区,2岁以下儿童是麻疹发病的重点人群。
Objective To analyze the incidence of measles in Zhaotong City and explore the causes of the high incidence of measles so as to provide a reference for prevention and control and achieve the goal of eliminating measles as soon as possible. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data through Excel 2007 and SPSS18.0. Results A total of 3 224 cases of measles were reported in Zhaotong City from 2006 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 6.22 / 100 000. The overall incidence rate showed a decreasing trend. The cases mainly concentrated in the central city of Zhaoyang District, accounting for 29.60% of the total incidence, the incidence of different counties was statistically significant (P <0.001). The highest incidence in 2007 (25.21 / 100000), the lowest in 2010 (0.18 / 100000), the incidence of different years, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). There were more incidences in December and May each year, with two peak incidences, and the incidence of disease in different months was significantly different (P <0.001). The incidence of measles was periodic and seasonal. The number of patients aged 2-15 was higher, accounting for 41.07% of the total (1 324/3 224). After 2009, the incidence of measles is mainly concentrated in the diaspore children under 2 years of age. Immunization in the history of immunization once accounted for 16.9%, immunization twice accounted for 3.19%, unimmunized and unknown accounting for 57.44%. Conclusion The incidence of measles in Zhaotong City is cyclical and seasonal. Zhaoyang District is the key area for the onset of measles. Children under 2 years old are the major population of measles.