目的总结低位/超低位直肠癌保肛术后评估肛门功能的方法,并分析影响肛门功能的因素。方法对国内、外有关直肠癌保肛术后肛门功能评估的相关研究的文献进行综述。结果目前常通过患者的排便感觉、控便能力、感觉功能、排便次数及排便时间5项主观指标对肛门功能进行评估,也有肛肠测压法、三维向量测压法等客观方法进行评估。低位/超低位直肠癌吻合术后患者肛门功能的恢复取决于外科性肛管保留的完整性、直肠保留的长度、吻合口水平及黏膜完整性。结论主观指标和仪器辅助检测的客观指标都是肛门功能评估的常用方法。主观指标简单、直观,但准确性较差;客观评价方法虽然准确性较好,但其检查费用较高而得不到普及。 Objective To summarize the methods of evaluating anal function after low-lying / ultra-low rectal cancer anal sphincter preservation and to analyze the factors influencing anal function. Methods The literature review on the anal function evaluation of rectal cancer after anal sphincter preservation at home and abroad was reviewed. Results At present, anal function was evaluated by five subjective indexes including defecation sense, defecation ability, sensory function, defecation frequency and defecation time, and objective methods such as anorectal manometry and three-dimensional vector manometry were also evaluated. The recovery of anus function in patients with low / ultra-low rectal cancer after anastomosis depends on the integrity of the surgical anal canal retention, length of rectal retention, anastomotic level, and mucosal integrity. Conclusions Both subjective indicators and objective indicators for instrumental detection are common methods of anal function assessment. Subjective indicators are simple and intuitive, but their accuracy is poor. Although the objective evaluation method is relatively accurate, its inspection cost is relatively high and can not be popularized.