目的:了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发期中国普通民众的心理健康状况及地区差异。方法:采用方便抽样的方法于2020年1月30日至2月13日，通过微信等自媒体平台在线发放心理健康自评工具，包含心理健康自评问卷(Self-Reporting Questionnaire，SRQ-20)、患者健康问卷抑郁症状群量表(Patient Health Questionnaire，PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, GAD-7)，对我国14 592名普通民众进行心理健康状况调查和评估，以阳性检出率作为结局指标。结果:在线共发放调查问卷16 257份，回收有效问卷14 592份，有效回收率89.76%。全国各地区人群SRQ-20阳性检出率为33.2% (4 840/14 592)；PHQ-9阳性检出率为53.5% (7 503/14 037)，其中轻度29.3% (4 115/14 037)，中度14.0% (1 967/14 037)，重度10.1% (1 421/14 037)；GAD-7阳性检出率为44.6% (6 196/13 904)，其中轻度27.8% (3 862/13 904)，中度10.2% (1 413/13 904)，重度6.6% (921/13 904)。除少数地区外，全国各地SRQ-20、PHQ-9、GAD-7阳性检出率及急性应激、抑郁和焦虑程度大致相同，其中疫情重灾区湖北省民众的焦虑水平(GAD-7阳性检出率54.7%)显著高于其他省份(n P<0.05)。n 结论:新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情作为国际关注的突发性公共卫生事件，给全国各地的民众带来了显著的心理冲击，在疫情暴发早期公众处于普遍的群体性危机中，焦虑和抑郁症状较为突出，尤其是在疫情严重地区，提示在抗击疫情保障生命安全的同时，应关注民众的心理健康状况，以期早期实施科学、有效的心理援助和心理危机干预。“,”Objective:To investigate the public psychosocial status and regional differences of Chinese residents during the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to distribute online self-assessment tools of mental health including the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) through WeChat and other self media platforms from January 30 to February 13, 2020. A total of 14 592 people from all over the country were evaluated on mental health. The positive detection rate was regarded as the primary outcome measure.Results:The positive detection rate of SRQ-20 was 33.2% (4 840/14 592), and that of the PHQ-9 was 53.5% (7 503/14 037), with 29.3% (4 115/14 037) for mild, 14.0% (1 967/14 037) for moderate and 10.1% (1 421/14 037) for severe depression. The positive detection rate of GAD-7 was 44.6% (6 196/13 904), with 27.8% (3 862/13 904) for mild, 10.2% (1 413/13 904) for moderate and 6.6% (921/13 904) for severe anxiety. Except for a few areas, the positive rates of these three scales were almost the same all over the country, and the anxiety level of the inhabitants in Hubei province (GAD-7:54.7%) was significantly higher than that in other provinces (n P<0.05).n Conclusion:As a Public Health Emergency of International COVID-19 has brought obvious psychological impact to the nationwide people, with more prominent in anxiety and depression. The public is in a general group crisis in the early stage of the outbreak, especially in areas with serious epidemic situation. It is suggested that great attention should be paid to public mental health while fighting against the epidemic situation aiming at ensuring their life safety, so as to implement effective psychological assistance and timely psychological crisis intervention.