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系统评述了离子含量、抗衡离子、离子基团、基体近程链结构(柔顺性、介电常数、基团空间位阻、支化、共价交联)、中和度、离子沿主链分布结构、环境条件(温度、溶剂、水分)及制备历史(熔融压制、溶液铸膜、再沉淀、高温退火)等对离子交联型聚合物(以下简称离聚物)的离子聚集形态(参与聚集离子比例、离子簇的形状、尺寸、聚集数、数密度、分布及内部配位结构)的影响。在此基础上,指出离子簇内部是否存在原子的有序排列、离聚物低温差示扫描量热(DSC)吸热峰的起源、现有离子跃迁理论的缺陷及基体远程链结构—分子量对离子簇形态的效应为当前亟待解决的离子聚集形态方面的四个基本问题。尤其对于离子跃迁理论的扩展与完善提出了建议:不仅要考虑离子相互作用强度这一结构因素,亦须涵盖离子簇聚集数(离子簇近围的链段紧密堆砌程度)及离子簇数密度(离子交联密度)这两个形态因素,如此才能合理诠释或预测离聚物的结构-性能关系。
The system reviews ion content, counterions, ionic groups, short-chain structure (flexibility, dielectric constant, group steric hindrance, branching, covalent crosslinking), degree of neutralization, and distribution of ions along the main chain Ion aggregation type of ionomer (hereinafter referred to as ionomer) such as structure, environmental conditions (temperature, solvent, moisture) and preparation history (melt pressing, solution casting, reprecipitation, high temperature annealing) Ion ratio, ion cluster shape, size, number of clusters, number density, distribution and internal coordination structure). On this basis, it is pointed out that there is an orderly arrangement of atoms inside the ion cluster, the origin of the endothermic peak of the ionomer differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the defect of the existing ion transition theory and the structure of the long chain of the substrate - the molecular weight pair The effect of ion cluster morphology is the four basic problems in ion aggregation morphology that are urgently needed to be solved. In particular, we propose the extension and perfection of ion transition theory: not only the structure factor of ionic interaction strength but also the cluster number of ion clusters (the close packing degree of ion clusters) and the number density of ion clusters Ion crosslinking density) these two morphological factors, so as to reasonably interpret or predict ionomer structure-property relationship.