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目的分析天津市2014年健康人群乙脑流行季节前后抗体水平的特征及影响因素。方法采用病例对照研究,分10个年龄组在乙脑流行季节前(3月-5月)和流行季节后(11月-12月)各采集600份血样标本,应用ELISA法对乙脑特异性Ig G抗体进行定量检测。结果共检测1 238份,平均抗体阳性率为88.53%,其中2~岁组最高(96.30%),60岁~最低(73.68%),不同年龄组乙脑抗体阳性率之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=61.106,P<0.01),并表现为年龄与抗体水平呈负相关性(r=-0.768,P<0.01)。作为病例地区的静海县乙脑流行季节后抗体阳性率(94.77%)高于流行季节前(85.24%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.806,P<0.01)。宝坻区乙脑流行季节前后抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.027,P=0.272>0.05)。结论天津市不同地区乙脑免疫水平的影响因素不同。建议在乙脑流行区开展病毒性脑炎的症状监测,提高乙脑监测的灵敏性。
Objective To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of antibody levels before and after the season of Japanese encephalitis in healthy population in 2014 in Tianjin. Methods A case-control study was conducted. Six hundred blood samples were collected from 10 age groups before the pre-JE season (March-May) and post-epidemic season (November-December) Ig G antibody for quantitative detection. Results A total of 1 238 samples were detected. The average antibody positive rate was 88.53%. The highest positive rate (96.30%) in the 2 ~ age group and the lowest rate (73.68%) in the 60 ~ (χ2 = 61.106, P <0.01), and showed a negative correlation between age and antibody level (r = -0.768, P <0.01). The prevalence rate of antibody positive to JE in Jinghai County was 94.77% after epidemic season (85.24%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 15.806, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of antibody before and after the epidemic of Japanese encephalitis in Baodi district (χ2 = 1.027, P = 0.272> 0.05). Conclusion The influencing factors on the immunological level of JE in different areas of Tianjin are different. It is recommended to carry out the monitoring of viral encephalitis in endemic areas of JE to improve the sensitivity of JE surveillance.