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本文从语言类型学和认知研究的角度,对斯瓦德什(W.Swadesh)的《二百词词表》中的“背”进行英汉词义的比较研究。从人体器官部位的分析着手,收集该词英汉的所有含义,找出其异同点,从而发掘两种语言中这个身体词语演变的规律;就身体词普遍发生引申和转义的特点,探究人类认知思维对这种词义变化的影响,揭示出以身体词语为基础的词语所反映的人类普遍思维规律。
In this paper, from the perspective of linguistic typology and cognitive studies, a comparative study of the meaning of English and Chinese is made on “back ” in W.Swadesh’s “Two Hundred Words Vocabulary”. From the analysis of the parts of the human body, all the meanings of English and Chinese are collected, and the similarities and differences are found out so as to find out the regularity of the evolution of the body words in the two languages. With the generalization and escaping of body words, The influence of thinking on the change of meaning thus reveals the universal human thinking reflected in words based on body words.