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历史实践提供了许多事实帮助我们更好地规划未来。育种家利用玉米种质资源构建新自交系选育的基础材料,并为新杂交种组配选择对应的亲本。本文综述了有关当代美国玉米杂交种的基础种质的来源、时间、地点及如何演变等问题。作者提供了有关玉米起源,从墨西哥南部Tehuacan城附近到现在美国西南部和维吉尼亚州Tidewater城的玉米早期种族(Races),及美国向西部扩展过程中开放授粉品种等信息。所涉及的品种包括Longfellow硬粒、Leaming玉米、Lancaster Sure Crop、瑞德黄马牙(Reid Yellow Dent)、Boone County White、Chester Leaming、Richey Lancaster、西北马齿(Northwestern Dent)、Johnson County White、Troyer Reid、Minne-sota13、Funk Reid、Osterland Reid和Strain 176A。20世纪30年代玉米杂交种开始商业利用时,美国玉米总产量仅为0.659亿吨。过去四年尽管玉米面积下降,但每年玉米平均总产量仍高达2.77亿吨。
Historical practices provide many facts that help us to better plan for the future. Breeders use maize germplasm resources to construct the basic materials for breeding new inbred lines and select the corresponding parents for new hybrids. This article reviews the sources, timing, location, and evolution of the basic germplasm of contemporary American maize hybrids. The authors provide information on the origins of maize, early corn raceways from near Tehuacan in southern Mexico to the present-day Southwestern United States and Tidewater, Virginia, and the opening of pollination varieties to the western United States. The breeds involved include Longfellow Durum, Leaming Corn, Lancaster Sure Crop, Reid Yellow Dent, Boone County White, Chester Leaming, Richey Lancaster, Northwestern Dent, Johnson County White, Troyer Reid, Minne-sota13, Funk Reid, Osterland Reid and Strain 176A. When commercial utilization of corn hybrids began in the 1930s, total corn production in the United States was only 665 million tons. In the past four years, although the area of corn has dropped, the average annual output of corn has remained as high as 277 million tons.