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油菜是世界上重要油料作物之一,是世界食用植物油的重要来源。近十年来,随着其种植面积的不断扩大,目前已成为世界第二大植物油来源,因此提高油菜种子含油量具有重大的经济利用价值。近年来,基因工程技术的飞速发展带来了优化油菜品种资源的新方法。三酰甘油对种子油脂的形成十分重要,它是油菜种子最主要的储藏脂类。将三酰甘油合成代谢途径中的关键酶基因及一些转录因子转入到油菜组基因中,一方面增加种子中关键酶基因的表达;另一方面增加转录因子表达以增强糖酵解和三酰甘油形成的相关基因表达,增加底物浓度和三酰甘油合成的速度,期待获得高含油量的转基因油菜。本文综述了国内外关于油菜油酯代谢关键酶基因及调控基因的研究进展,并展望了未来提高油菜含油量的发展思路。
Rape is one of the most important oil crops in the world and is an important source of edible vegetable oil in the world. In the recent ten years, with the continuous expansion of its planting area, it has become the second largest source of vegetable oil in the world. Therefore, it is of great economic value to increase the oil content of rapeseed seeds. In recent years, the rapid development of genetic engineering technology has brought new methods to optimize the resources of rapeseed varieties. Triacylglycerol is very important to the formation of seed oil, which is the most important storage lipid in rape seeds. The key enzyme gene and some transcription factors in the metabolic pathway of triacylglycerol were transferred into the rapeseed gene to increase the expression of key enzyme genes on the one hand and to increase the expression of transcription factors to enhance the effect of glycolysis and triacylglycerol Gene expression related to glycerol, increasing substrate concentration and the rate of the synthesis of triacylglycerols, expecting to obtain high oil content of transgenic rapeseed. This review summarizes the research progress at home and abroad about the key enzyme genes and their regulatory genes in the metabolism of rapeseed oil and prospects the development of rapeseed oil in the future.