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现在完成时是初中英语语法的重点和难点之一，也是各省、市中考命题的必考知识点，现结合近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题对现在完成时的考查作一归纳和简析, 供同学们复习时参考。
【考点一】 考查现在完成时的基本用法
在线点拨一 ：现在完成时可以用来表示一个动作发生在过去,并终止于过去, 但其结果对现在仍有影响。句中常含有 already(已经), just(刚刚), yet(尚，还), ever(曾经), never(从不), before(以前)等明确的时态标志。有时句中虽然没有明确的时态标志,但上下文却暗示动作发生在过去并对现在有影响。
【典型考题】
1. —What are you going to do this Sunday?
—I ________________yet. (绍兴市)
A. won’t decide B. didn’t decide
C. haven’t decided D. don’t decide
2. —Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening?
—No, I won’t. I ________________it already. (南京市)
A. saw B. have seen C. seeD. will see
在線点拨二：现在完成时也可以用来表示一个动作或状态从过去某时刻开始,一直延续到现在,并有可能继续进行下去。这时现在完成时的句子中常含有 recently / these days, so far, up till now,“in the last / past 一段时间”,“for 一段时间”或“since 时间点/谓语动词为一般过去时的句子”等时间状语。
【典型考题】
3. —Our country ________________a lot so far.
—Yes, I hope it will be even ________________. (包头市)
A. has changed; well B. have changed; good
C. have changed; better D. has changed; better
4. The life we were used to ________________greatly since 1992. (苏州市)
A. change B. has changed
C. changing D. have changed
【考点二】 考查 have / has gone to， have / has been to与have / has been in / at的区别
在线点拨：“have / has gone to 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿；“have / has been in 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用；“have / has been to 地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。其中 have / has gone to主要与already, just等词连用, have / has been to则与ever, twice, before 等词语连用, have / has been in / at ... 须与表示一段时间的状语连用。
【典型考题】
5. —Where can I find Jack?
—He ________________the post office. (武汉市)
A. has been to B. had been to
C. has gone to D. had gone to
6. —You are leaving your school. How do you like it?
—Very much, of course. I ________________this school since I moved here. (黄冈市)
A. came to B. have gone to
C. have been at D. have been to
【考点三】考查延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的运用
在线点拨：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常要用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下： come ／ arrive→be here ／ in; come ／ get back→be back; go ／ leave→be away; become→be; borrow→keep; buy→have; begin ／ start→be on; die→be dead; join→be in ／ be a member of ．．．； catch a cold→have a cold等。
【典型考题】
7. —How long have you ________________the book?
—For several weeks. (青岛市)
A. bought B. borrowed C. lent D. had
【考点四】考查与一般过去时的区别
在线点拨：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday， last week， a moment ago等）连用。
【典型考题】
8. —________________ you ________________your homework yet？
—Yes． I ________________ it a moment ago．（甘肃）
A． Did; do; finished
B． Have; done; finished
C． Have; done; have finished
D． Will; do; finish
Keys: 1~5 CBDBC6~8 CDB
【考点一】 考查现在完成时的基本用法
在线点拨一 ：现在完成时可以用来表示一个动作发生在过去,并终止于过去, 但其结果对现在仍有影响。句中常含有 already(已经), just(刚刚), yet(尚，还), ever(曾经), never(从不), before(以前)等明确的时态标志。有时句中虽然没有明确的时态标志,但上下文却暗示动作发生在过去并对现在有影响。
【典型考题】
1. —What are you going to do this Sunday?
—I ________________yet. (绍兴市)
A. won’t decide B. didn’t decide
C. haven’t decided D. don’t decide
2. —Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening?
—No, I won’t. I ________________it already. (南京市)
A. saw B. have seen C. seeD. will see
在線点拨二：现在完成时也可以用来表示一个动作或状态从过去某时刻开始,一直延续到现在,并有可能继续进行下去。这时现在完成时的句子中常含有 recently / these days, so far, up till now,“in the last / past 一段时间”,“for 一段时间”或“since 时间点/谓语动词为一般过去时的句子”等时间状语。
【典型考题】
3. —Our country ________________a lot so far.
—Yes, I hope it will be even ________________. (包头市)
A. has changed; well B. have changed; good
C. have changed; better D. has changed; better
4. The life we were used to ________________greatly since 1992. (苏州市)
A. change B. has changed
C. changing D. have changed
【考点二】 考查 have / has gone to， have / has been to与have / has been in / at的区别
在线点拨：“have / has gone to 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿；“have / has been in 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用；“have / has been to 地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。其中 have / has gone to主要与already, just等词连用, have / has been to则与ever, twice, before 等词语连用, have / has been in / at ... 须与表示一段时间的状语连用。
【典型考题】
5. —Where can I find Jack?
—He ________________the post office. (武汉市)
A. has been to B. had been to
C. has gone to D. had gone to
6. —You are leaving your school. How do you like it?
—Very much, of course. I ________________this school since I moved here. (黄冈市)
A. came to B. have gone to
C. have been at D. have been to
【考点三】考查延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的运用
在线点拨：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常要用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下： come ／ arrive→be here ／ in; come ／ get back→be back; go ／ leave→be away; become→be; borrow→keep; buy→have; begin ／ start→be on; die→be dead; join→be in ／ be a member of ．．．； catch a cold→have a cold等。
【典型考题】
7. —How long have you ________________the book?
—For several weeks. (青岛市)
A. bought B. borrowed C. lent D. had
【考点四】考查与一般过去时的区别
在线点拨：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday， last week， a moment ago等）连用。
【典型考题】
8. —________________ you ________________your homework yet？
—Yes． I ________________ it a moment ago．（甘肃）
A． Did; do; finished
B． Have; done; finished
C． Have; done; have finished
D． Will; do; finish
Keys: 1~5 CBDBC6~8 CDB