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目的探讨早产儿出院后配方奶(PDF)与母乳(BM)、足月儿配方奶(TF)、混合喂养等不同喂养方式对早产低出生体质量儿早期(出院至出生满3个月)生长发育的影响。方法将广东省广州市、佛山市10家医院新生儿科出院的489例早产低出生体质量儿分为PDF喂养组(PDF组,n=323)、BM喂养组(BM组,n=38)、TF喂养组(TF组,n=76)、PDF联合BM组(PDF/BM组,n=28)、TF联合BM组(TF/BM组,n=24)。观察并比较各组出院至出生满1个月、2个月、3个月时的日均体质量、周均身长、周均头围增长速率。结果出生满1个月时,日均体质量和周均身长增长速率组间,PDF组[(26.4±16.8)g.kg-1.d-1、(1.52±1.20)cm.周-1]优于BM组[(19.5±12.3)g.kg-1.d-1、(1.08±0.59)cm.周-1]、TF组[(18.2±12.3)g.kg-1.d-1、(1.08±0.71)cm.周-1],差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.05),但周均头围增长速率组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);出生满2个月时,日均体质量和周均身长增长速率组间比较,PDF组[(20.7±8.8)g.kg-1.d-1、(1.12±0.44)cm.周-1]优于BM组[(17.2±7.0)g.kg-1.d-1、(0.93±0.37)cm.周-1]、TF组[(16.3±6.6)g.kg-1.d-1、(0.89±0.39)cm.周-1],差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.05),但周均头围增长速率组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);出生满3个月时,日均体质量、周均身长和周均头围增长速率组间比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.05),PDF组日均体质量和周均身长增长速率[(19.0±6.3)g.kg-1.d-1、(1.04±0.30)cm.周-1]优于BM组[(15.4±5.3)g.kg-1.d-1、(0.80±0.22)cm.周-1]、TF组[(15.6±4.8)g.kg-1.d-1、(0.85±0.26)cm.周-1]、TF/BM组[(15.4±5.4)g.kg-1.d-1、(0.93±0.37)cm.周-1],周均头围增长速率[(0.57±0.21)cm.周-1]优于BM组[(0.46±0.14)cm.周-1]、TF组[(0.50±0.16)cm.周-1]。结论与BM和TF相比,出院后应用PDF喂养能促进早产低出生体质量儿早期体质量、身长、头围增长,使其生长速率更接近目标生长参数,从而帮助早产低出生体质量儿实现追赶性生长,避免或减少宫外发育迟缓的发生。
Objective To investigate the effects of different forms of feeding formula (PDF), breast milk (BM), full-term infant formula (TF) and mixed feeding on the low birth weight preterm infants (3 months after discharge to birth) Developmental effects. Methods 489 preterm low birth weight children discharged from neonates of 10 hospitals in Guangzhou and Foshan of Guangdong Province were divided into four groups: PDF group (n = 323), PDF group (n = 38) TF fed group (TF group, n = 76), PDF combined BM group (PDF / BM group, n = 28) and TF combined with BM group (TF / BM group, n = 24). Observed and compared the average daily body mass, weekly average length and average weekly head circumference growth rate after discharge from birth to 1 month, 2 months and 3 months of birth. Results Compared with PDF group [(26.4 ± 16.8) g.kg-1.d-1, (1.52 ± 1.20) cm -1 weeks], the average daily body mass and average growth rate of body length at 1 month after birth were (19.5 ± 12.3) g.kg-1.d-1, (1.08 ± 0.59) cm.W-1] in the BM group and [(18.2 ± 12.3) g.kg-1.d- (1.08 ± 0.71) cm -1 weeks], the difference was statistically significant (Pa <0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05) (P <0.05) .Compared with BM group [(20.7 ± 8.8) g.kg-1.d-1, (1.12 ± 0.44) cm.day -1] in PDF group [ (17.2 ± 7.0) g.kg-1.d-1, (0.93 ± 0.37) cm-week -1] and TF group [(16.3 ± 6.6) g.kg- (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). At 3 months of birth, the average daily body volume (P <0.05). The average daily body weight and average growth rate of body length in PDF group [(19.0 ± 6.3) g.kg-1 (1.04 ± 0.30) cm -1 weeks] was superior to BM group [(15.4 ± 5.3) g.kg-1.d-1, (0.80 ± 0.22) cm -1 weeks) [(15.6 ± 4.8) g.kg -1.d-1, (0.85 ± 0.26) cm -1 weeks], TF / BM group [(15.4 ± 5.4) g.kg -1.d- 1, (0.93 ± 0.37) cm -1 weeks -1] (0.57 ± 0.21) cm -1 week] was better than that of BM group [(0.46 ± 0.14) cm -1 weeks), and TF group (0.50 ± 0.16 cm -1 weeks -1) . Conclusions Compared with BM and TF, PDF feeding after discharge can promote early body weight, body length and head circumference growth of preterm low birth weight children and make their growth rate closer to the target growth parameters, thus helping to achieve low birth weight premature children Catch up with sexual growth, to avoid or reduce the occurrence of extrauterine stunting.