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水作为人类的生命之源,将成为新世纪我国粮食安全、经济发展、社会进步的关健。但是由于我国仍普遮采用粗放型增长方式和掠夺式的资源开发利用方式,经常以栖牲环境为代价换取眼前和局部利益,使水资源处于无序开发和浪费的状态。因此国家应建立一个完善的水权制度体系。本文首先简要地总结了学者们关于水权概念及其性质的不同观点,其次指出了我国关于水权方面的法律规定,最后分析了我国水权制度的现状及其完善。进而本人认为在我国建立水权制度是市场经济发展的需求,是一个长期的、循序渐进的、从理论到实践的过程,需要社会各方面的努力。
As the source of human life, water will become the key of China’s food security, economic development and social progress in the new century. However, due to the extensive use of extensive growth mode and the predatory exploitation and utilization of resources in our country, we often exchange the immediate and local benefits at the expense of the habitat environment and make the water resources in a state of disorderly development and waste. Therefore, the state should establish a sound water rights system. This paper briefly summarizes the scholars’ different views on the concept of water rights and their nature, secondly, points out the legal provisions on water rights in our country, and finally analyzes the status quo and improvement of China’s water rights system. Furthermore, I think the establishment of the water right system in our country is the demand of the development of market economy. It is a long-term, step-by-step process from theory to practice and requires the efforts of all sectors of society.