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面对20世纪70年代以来企业外部经营条件的若干重大变化,西方发达国家的生产组织方式出现了一个重要演进趋势,即从福特制向后福特制的转变。相对于福特制,后福特制的基本特征可以概括为“持续创新+敏捷制造”和“专业化+网络化”。从生产组织方式发展的历史进程看,当存在一种生产方式替代另一种生产方式的情况下,产品竞争的本质往往是生产组织方式的竞争,即产品过剩背后隐藏的是落后的生产方式的过剩。与生产组织方式的转变相伴随的是国家之间综合国力或产业国际竞争力的消长变化。因而,生产组织方式变革中所蕴藏的后发优势是一国提升其企业和产业的国际竞争力的重要契机。此外,在后福特制研究中对企业、产业和区域等基本经济学概念的重新认识,将会推动微观经济学的创新和发展。
Faced with some major changes in the external operating conditions since the 1970s, an important trend of evolution has emerged in the mode of production and organization in western developed countries, that is, the transition from the Ford system to the post-Ford system. Compared with the Ford system, the basic characteristics of post-Ford system can be summarized as “continuous innovation + agile manufacturing ” and “specialization + networking ”. From the historical process of the development of production organization mode, when there is one production mode to replace another mode of production, the nature of product competition is often the competition of production organization mode, that is, behind the surplus of products is the backward production mode excess. Accompanying the transformation of the mode of production and organization is the growth and decline of the overall national strength of industries or the international competitiveness of industries. Therefore, the advantage of backwardness in the transformation of the mode of production and organization is an important opportunity for a country to enhance the international competitiveness of its enterprises and industries. In addition, the re-understanding of the concepts of basic economics such as enterprises, industries and regions in post-Ford studies will promote the innovation and development of micro-economics.