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劳动经济学界在20世纪90年代形成了共识:美国等OECD国家从70年代末到90年代末的教育升水(不同教育水平工人的工资差距)持续上升是由技能偏向型技术进步导致的。但90年代共识无法解释第二次世界大战后美国在技能偏向型技术进步下教育升水并非总是上升的事实。此外其理论基础在于技能偏向型技术进步下抑制低技能劳动力需求的腐蚀效应和提升高技能劳动力需求的市场规模效应会加剧工资不平等。本文指出其理论基础的缺陷,并将教育效率和劳动力市场的技能供求关系整合在一个技能偏向型技术进步与工资不平等都处于内生演化的动态模型中。本文证明技术进步率的提升在短期会提升工资不平等,但当教育系统的效率处于一定的区间时,技能偏向型技术进步在长期会降低工资不平等。因此,本文的研究挑战了90年代共识的悲观论点,并丰富了有关技能偏好型技术进步对于工资不平等影响的研究。
The labor economics community formed a consensus in the 1990s that the gradual rise in educational literacy (wage gap among workers of different education levels) from the late 1970s to the late 1990s in the OECD countries such as the United States was due to the development of skill-biased technology. However, the consensus of the 1990s can not explain the fact that after the Second World War the education premium in the United States did not always rise under the progress of skill-oriented technology. In addition, its theoretical basis is that wage inequality will be exacerbated by the corrosive effect of restraining the demand for low-skilled labor and the market scale effect of increasing the demand of highly skilled labor under the progress of skill-oriented technology. This paper points out the defects of its theoretical basis, and integrates the relationship between education efficiency and labor market supply and demand in a dynamic model of skills-oriented technological progress and wage inequalities in the endogenous evolution. This paper demonstrates that improvements in the rate of technological progress can increase wage inequalities in the short run, but that skill-oriented technological advances can reduce wage inequalities in the long run when the efficiency of the education system is in a certain range. Therefore, the research in this paper challenges the pessimistic argument of the consensus of the 1990s and enriches the research on the impact of skill-biased technological progress on wage inequality.