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目的:分析5岁以下儿童死亡趋势及死因,为降低5岁以下儿童死亡率,实现千年发展目标4(MDG4)的指标,制定有效的干预措施。方法:按《中国儿童死亡监测方案》进行。结果:①13年来死亡率逐年下降;②死因结构13年来没有变化,新生儿第一位死因各年均为新生儿窒息,第2、3位为肺炎、早产低体重儿,第4、5位为其他、意外、先天异常;③年龄别死亡构成中早期新生儿死亡占新生儿死亡总数的55.8%～80.3%,新生儿死亡占婴儿死亡总数的60.7%～65.2%,13年间这种结构比例无明显变化,升降趋势检验P>0.1。结论:13年来死因结构没有变化,新生儿窒息为第一位死因;13年间新生儿死亡占婴儿死亡总数的60.7%～65.2%,早期新生儿死亡占新生儿死亡总数的55.8%～80.3%。干预措施应重在7天内的早期新生儿死亡,重点抓产程观察及产时的正确处理、早开奶及规范进行新生儿窒息复苏等,做到抓早、抓小、抓牢,是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。
Objectives: To analyze trends in mortality and causes of death in children under 5 years of age, and to develop effective interventions to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age and achieve the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG4) targets. Methods: According to “China’s child death monitoring program”. Results: ① The mortality rate decreased year by year in 13 years; ② The cause of death structure did not change in the past 13 years. The first cause of neonatal death was neonatal asphyxia, pneumonia was the second and third place, Other accidents, congenital anomalies; ③ age-specific death in the early neonatal deaths accounted for 55.8% to 80.3% of the total number of newborns, neonatal deaths accounted for 60.7% to 65.2% of the total number of infant deaths, 13 years this structure ratio Significant changes, lifting trend test P> 0.1. Conclusion: The cause of death has not changed in 13 years and neonatal asphyxia is the first cause of death. Neonatal deaths accounted for 60.7% -65.2% of the total number of infant deaths in 13 years and 55.8% -80.3% of all neonatal deaths in early neonatal deaths. Intervention should focus on early neonatal deaths within 7 days, focusing on labor observation and delivery of the correct treatment, early milk and regulate neonatal asphyxia recovery, so catch early, catch small, catch a prison is to reduce 5 The key to child mortality under the age of.