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Background:Subcapital femoral neck fracture in young adults has many complications,and the incidence is increasing year-by-year.The selection of the proper operation method to avoid them is an ambiguous matter.This study aimed to evaluate the treatment effect of subcapital femoral neck fracture by the capsulotomy and intal fixation with iliac bone grafting or closed reduction and intemal fixation in young adults.Methods:From March 2003 to February 2010,65 young patients with subcapital femoral neck fractures were treated,including 39 males and 26 females with average age of 34.5 years (range,19-50 years); 29 cases of the left side and 36 cases of the right side.They were randomly divided into Group A with 34 cases treated by closed reduction and intal fixation and Group B with 31 cases treated by the capsulotomy and intal fixation with iliac bone grafting.The two groups had no significant differences in sex,age,body mass index and preoperative Harris Hip Score.The observation criteria involved the length of the incision,blood loss,operation time,nonunion rate,avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) rate and Harris Hip Score.Results:Four of 65 patients were lost follow-up,and the follow-up rate was 93.8％,the average follow-up time was 38.7 months (range,33-47 months).In Group A,the incision length was 5.1 ± 2.2 cm,blood loss was 84.0 ± 13.2 ml,and operation time was 52.9 ± 10.2 min.In Group B,the incision length was 15.4 ± 4.6 cm,blood loss was 396.0 ± 21.3 ml,and operation time was 1 16.5 ± 15.3 min.Nonunion occurred in 8 patients (25.2％) in Group A and 1 patient (3.3％) in Group B.ANFH occurred in 9 patients (29.1％) in Group A and 2 patients (6.7％) in Group B.Postoperative Harris Hip Score was 89.0 ± 5.6 in Group A and 95.0 ± 4.5 in Group B.The above index of two groups was considered statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions:Capsulotomy and intal fixation with iliac bone grafting can improve fracture healing,reduce ANFH in young adults.It is a safe and effective operation for subcapital femoral neck fracture.