目的了解景洪市公众对登革热疾病及传播媒介的知信行(KAP)情况及其居家环境的伊蚊幼虫密度,分析其认知水平与幼虫密度的关系,为进一步提出有效控制登革热疫情措施提供科学依据。方法采取二阶段随机抽样方法,抽取4个社区,共104户进行调查,采用匿名方式进行面对面问卷调查,每户只调查1个家庭成员。采用幼虫吸管法对研究对象居家环境的伊蚊幼虫密度进行调查。结果86例(84.31%)居民知道登革热是由蚊子传播,55例(53.92%)居民认为幼虫可以在室内生长,17例(16.67%)能较全面回答传播登革热的蚊子在室内孳生环境。居民参与防控登革热的意愿不高,30例(29.41%)的调查对象表示愿意参与到登革热的防控行动中,36例(35.29%)的居民能够正确处理幼虫孳生环境。居民居家环境的幼虫密度较高,布雷图指数(BI)为96.08%。居民的认知水平与其居家环境的伊蚊幼虫密度密切相关,随着居民的登革热KAP水平增高,其居家幼虫密度降低呈趋势效应关系(χ2趋势=39.03,P<0.01)。logistic回归分析表明,性别、居住社区是居民登革热防治知识得分的影响因素。结论景洪市居民对登革热及防控知识的基本认知正答率较高,但参与防控的态度及防控措施落实程度不高;家庭的幼虫密度较高;居民的登革热KAP水平与幼虫密度呈趋势效应关系,认知水平高的其居家环境的幼虫密度低。 Objective To understand the public knowledge of KAP in dengue disease and the media and the density of mosquito larvae in the home environment in Jinghong and to analyze the relationship between its cognition and larval density and provide scientific basis for further putting forward measures to effectively control dengue fever in accordance with. Methods A two-stage random sampling method was adopted. Four communities were sampled, a total of 104 households were investigated. Face-to-face questionnaires were conducted anonymously. Only one family member was investigated per household. The larvae pipette method was used to investigate the density of Aedes larvae in the home environment of the study subjects. Results 86 (84.31%) residents knew that dengue fever was transmitted by mosquitoes. 55 (53.92%) residents thought that larvae could grow indoors and 17 (16.67%) answered more fully the indoor environment of dengue mosquitoes. Thirty residents (29.41%) indicated their willingness to participate in the prevention and control of dengue fever. Thirty-six residents (35.29%) were able to properly handle the breeding environment for dengue fever. The density of larvae in residential areas was higher with a Bretto Index (BI) of 96.08%. Residents’ cognition is closely related to the density of Aedes larvae in their home environment. With the increase of dengue fever KAP level, the density of their home larvae shows a trend-dependent relationship (χ2 trend = 39.03, P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that gender and residential community were the influencing factors of residents’ knowledge of dengue fever prevention. Conclusions The basic cognition rate of dengue fever and prevention and control of residents in Jinghong City is higher, but the attitude of participating in prevention and control and the implementation of prevention and control measures are not high. The density of larvae in families is higher. The population densities of KAP and larval density The trend of the relationship between the high level of awareness of its home environment larvae density is low.