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本文基于中国276个地级及以上城市的语言多样性与对外贸易数据集,采用普通最小二乘法、随机效应模型及工具变量法,首次对语言多样性如何影响地区对外开放进行了考察。结果表明:一个城市平均每增加一种方言,对外开放程度将降低2-2.4个百分点;修正的语言多样性指数每增加一个标准差,对外开放程度将降低约1.5个百分点;采用山脉指数作为工具变量控制内生性问题后,上述抑制效应依然稳健;这一抑制效应主要通过外贸依存度予以表现,而非外资依存度;较高的语言多样性会阻碍人力资本积累,导致地区呈低人力资本水平状态,从而抑制对外开放。加强普通话推广,有助于提高对外开放程度,推动区域经济发展。
Based on the linguistic diversity and foreign trade data sets of 276 prefecture-level cities and above in China, this paper examines how the linguistic diversity affects the opening-up to the outside world for the first time using ordinary least squares, random effects and instrumental variables. The results show that for each urban dialect added by one city, the degree of opening to the outside world will be reduced by 2-2.4 percentage points; for each additional standard deviation of the revised linguistic diversity index, the degree of opening to the outside world will be reduced by 1.5 percentage points; and the use of the mountain index as a tool After the variables control the endogeneity problem, the above inhibition effect is still robust; the inhibitory effect is mainly manifested through the dependence on foreign trade, not the dependence on foreign capital; the higher linguistic diversity will hinder the accumulation of human capital, resulting in a low level of human capital in the region State, thereby inhibiting the opening up. Strengthening the promotion of Putonghua will help increase the degree of opening up and promote the development of the regional economy.