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【目的】探讨早产对婴幼儿智力、运动发育及视觉认知能力的影响,为开展早产儿早期干预提供依据。【方法】采用纵向随访方法,选取曾在本院新生儿科住院的55例早产儿(其中:极早产儿25例,中晚期早产儿30例)作为研究组,40例正常足月儿作为对照组,应用Bayley-Ⅱ婴幼儿发育量表在12月龄、18月龄、24月龄和36月龄时进行评估,用智力发育指数(Mental Developmental Index,MDI)、运动发育指数(Psychomotor Developmental Index,PDI)和视觉项目通过率表示。【结果】极早产儿各校正月龄MDI、PDI均较正常足月儿落后(P<0.05);中晚期早产儿仅在校正12月龄和24月龄MDI得分与对照组存在显著性差异(P<0.05),各校正月龄PDI得分与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。极早产儿组视觉项目通过率为46.3%,中晚期早产儿为61.5%,对照组为74.4%。【结论】早产对婴幼儿的智力、运动及视觉认知发育存在显著负面影响,在极早产儿中尤为明显,应尽早实施早期干预,促进早产儿发育。
【Objective】 To investigate the effect of premature labor on intelligence, motor development and visual cognition in infants and young children, and to provide basis for early intervention in premature infants. 【Methods】 55 cases of premature infants (including 25 cases of very preterm preterm and 30 cases of middle and late preterm infants) hospitalized in our department were enrolled as the study group and 40 cases of normal term children as the control group . The Bayley-II infant development scale was evaluated at 12 months, 18 months, 24 months and 36 months of age. Mental Developmental Index (MDI), Psychomotor Developmental Index PDI) and visual project pass rate. 【Results】 The MDI and PDI of each corrected preterm premature infant were lagged behind that of normal full moon children (P <0.05). The mid and late preterm infants showed significant difference only in the corrected 12-month and 24-month MDI scores compared with the control group P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the PDI scores of each correction month and the control group (P> 0.05). The prevalence of visual items in the very preterm preterm group was 46.3%, in the late preterm children 61.5% and in the control group 74.4%. 【Conclusion】 Premature delivery has a significant negative impact on the development of intelligence, exercise and visual cognition in infants and young children, especially in very premature infants. Early intervention should be implemented as soon as possible to promote the development of premature infants.