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目的了解变压器制造业存在的主要职业危害和作业工人的健康状况。方法采用流行病学描述性研究方法对某变压器制造企业2008年度的职业危害因素监测结果和工人职业健康检查结果进行统计和分析。结果该企业粉尘作业监测合格率仅46.7%,噪声作业岗位监测合格率75.0%,毒物作业岗位监测全部合格;粉尘作业工人职业健康检查受检率85.3%,噪声和苯作业工人职业健康检查受检率100%。受检工人异常检出率为:血压6.13%、血常规12.37%、肝功能5.01%、乙肝表面抗原5.9%、尿常规15.03%、心电图4.75%、X线胸片13.13%、肺功能10.71%、腹部B超26.09%(其中脂肪肝7例,占15.22%)、高频听力损伤34.48%、低频听力损伤5.74%;诊断职业病3人,职业禁忌证6人。结论粉尘和噪声是该企业主要的职业危害因素,必须进行工艺改进和加强对个人防护用品使用的指导与监督。同时还应重视职业安全教育并积极开展健康促进活动。
Objective To understand the main occupational hazards and the health status of workers in the transformer manufacturing industry. Methods The epidemiological descriptive research methods were used to conduct statistics and analysis on occupational health examination results and occupational health examination results of a certain transformer manufacturing enterprise in 2008. Results The qualified rate of dust monitoring was only 46.7%, the qualified rate of noise monitoring was 75.0% and the monitoring of poisonous operation was all qualified. The occupational health checkup rate of dusty workers was 85.3%, and noise and benzene occupational health examination were tested Rate of 100%. The detection rate of anomaly was 6.13% in blood, 12.37% in blood, 5.01% in liver, 5.9% in hepatitis B surface antigen, 15.03% in urine, 4.75% in electrocardiogram, 13.13% in X-ray and 10.71% in lung. Abdominal B-ultrasound 26.09% (including fatty liver in 7 cases, accounting for 15.22%), high-frequency hearing loss of 34.48%, low-frequency hearing loss of 5.74%; diagnosis of occupational diseases, occupational contraindications 6. Conclusion Dust and noise are the major occupational hazards in this enterprise. Process improvement and the guidance and supervision of the use of personal protective equipment must be strengthened. At the same time, we should also attach importance to occupational safety education and actively carry out health promotion activities.