目的探讨支气管结核的临床特征及诊治措施。方法分析2005年6月至2009年6月收集到的65例支气管结核误诊患者的临床资料。结果误诊为肺炎16例,误诊为支气管哮喘11例,误诊为支扩15例,误诊为肺癌10例,误诊为慢性支气管炎13例。结论仔细分析病史,重视体格检查,全面地阅片,对于胸部X线或CT出现非结核好发部位的病灶需警惕气道病变;常规行纤支镜检查。对检查阴性但高度怀疑本病者,应多点取材活检,以提高诊断率。 Objective To investigate the clinical features and diagnosis and treatment of bronchial tuberculosis. Methods The clinical data of 65 cases of misdiagnosed bronchial tuberculosis collected from June 2005 to June 2009 were analyzed. The results were misdiagnosed as pneumonia in 16 cases, misdiagnosed as bronchial asthma in 11 cases, misdiagnosed as branch expansion in 15 cases, misdiagnosed as lung cancer in 10 cases, misdiagnosed as chronic bronchitis in 13 cases. Conclusions Careful analysis of medical history, emphasis on physical examination, comprehensive reading, for chest X-ray or CT appear non-tuberculous lesions of the site should be alert to airway disease; routine line of bronchoscopy. Negative examination but highly suspected of the disease, should be taken more biopsy to improve the diagnostic rate.