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目的 神经内科下呼吸道感染住院患者的病原菌分布特征,为促进患者的合理用药提供参考依据.方法 采用方便抽样自大连市选取2家三级甲等医院,随机选取2014年1月1日-2015年12月31日神经内科住院患者合并下呼吸道感染的病历1 600份,提取病原菌分布相关信息.结果 共分离出病原菌2 109株,其中革兰阴性菌1 372株,以肺炎克雷伯菌(17.16％,362/2 109)居多;革兰阳性菌624株,以金黄色葡萄球菌(14.32％,302/2 109)居多;真菌113株,以白色假丝酵母菌(2.66％,56/2 109)居多.71.85％(217/302)的金黄色葡萄球菌感染患者进行了耐药性分析,耐药率最低的为万古霉素(0.00％,0/217);78.73％(285/362)的肺炎克雷伯菌感染患者进行了耐药性分析,耐药率最低的为美罗培南(3.16％,9/285).结论 加强住院患者病原菌的监测和耐药性分析,将有助于促进合理用药、预防医院感染,提高治疗的安全性和有效性.“,”Objective To study distributive characteristics of pathogenic bacteria causing lower respiratory tract infection in neurology inpatients and to provide evidences for promoting rational drug use.Methods Two third-grade class-A hospitals were selected with convenience sampling in Dalian city of Liaoning province;then 1 600 neurology inpatients with lower respiratory tract infections during hospitalization between January 1 st,2014 through December 31 st,2015 were selected randomly and their medical records were extracted and analyzed.Results Of the 2 109 strains of pathogenic bacteria totally isolated from the inpatients,1 372 and 624 were gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and 113 were fungi,with 362 (17.16％ of all the isolates) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains,302 Staphylococcus aureus (14.32 ％),and 113 Candida albicans (2.66 ％),respectively.Drug resistance was performed for 71.85 ％ (217/302) and 78.73 ％ (285/362) of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains;no Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to vancomycin were detected and only 3.16％ of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were resistant to meropenem.Conclusion Pathogen surveillance and drug resistance test for isolated pathogens among inpatients may promote rational drug use and nosocomial infection prevention.