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中药煮散剂是指以水或酒为溶媒与药材颗粒共煮去渣得液的汤剂剂型。煮散剂始见于《治百病方》中治伏梁裹脓在胃肠之处方。《金匮》半夏千姜散、薏苡附子败酱散也是煮散剂。以“煮散”命名的方剂首载于《千金方》,如丹参牛膝煮散。宋代煮散剂盛行,至今常用的煮散剂如藿香正气散、人参败毒散、七味自术散、导赤散、牡蛎散等。清以后,煮散剂日趋减少,《成方切用》少有煮散之剂,将泻白散、凉膈散也改成了汤剂。近世医家张锡纯《医学衷中参西录》中更无一首煮散剂。今天临床上亦少见使用,现行《方剂学》教材把煮散剂改成汤剂,许多方书将煮散剂作为散剂来阐述,这种更改和归类是否合理,值得商榷。
The traditional Chinese medicine powdering agent refers to a decoction formulation that uses water or wine as a solvent to cook the granules together with the medicinal material particles. The powdered powder was first seen in prescriptions for treating turbid muscles and pus in the stomach and intestines. “Kim” Tan Xia Qiang San, Aconite Zipai scattered powder is also a powder. The recipe named after “cooked powder” was first included in “Qian Jin Fang”, such as Shenqi Achyranthes. In the Song Dynasty, powdered powder was prevalent, and the commonly used powdered drinks such as Huoxiang Zhengqi Powder, Panax ginseng powder, Qiwei Zishu Powder, Dangqi Powder, and oyster powder were widely used. After the Qing Dynasty, the amount of powdered powders was gradually reduced, and the “Chang Fang Qie Yong” was used as a decoction. The recent medical doctor Zhang Xichun’s “Medical Participation in the West” has no more powdering agent. Today, it is rarely used in clinical practice. The current “Fundamental Science” textbook changes the boiling powder into decoction. Many books will use powdered powder as a powder to elaborate on whether this change and classification is reasonable. It is debatable.