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目的探讨甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征。方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2010年1月确诊的335例甲型H1N1流感患者的流行病学资料,分析普通型与危-重型患者的流行病学特点。结果 2009年10月前患者多有甲型H1N1流感接触史,病情轻;2009年11月至2010年1月患者少有甲型H1N1流感接触史,危-重型患者增多。随着年龄的增长,危-重型及死亡患者的比例显著上升;危-重型患者中伴有慢性疾病者占19.23%;总体病死率为5.67%,死亡原因主要为呼吸衰竭。结论流感流行季节到来之前,对老年合并慢性疾病的高危人群及时接种疫苗、早期诊断、早期隔离、早期治疗是降低发病率、病死率的重要途径。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of influenza A (H1N1). Methods The epidemiological data of 335 patients with type A H1N1 influenza diagnosed from June 2009 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed, and the epidemiological characteristics of common and critically ill patients were analyzed. Results Before October 2009, patients had more history of exposure to Influenza A (H1N1) and had mild illness. From November 2009 to January 2010, patients had fewer history of exposure to Influenza A (H1N1) and increased risk of severe-type H1N1. With the increase of age, the proportion of critically ill patients and serious patients increased significantly. The proportion of patients with chronic diseases was 19.23% in critically ill patients. The overall mortality rate was 5.67%. The main cause of death was respiratory failure. Conclusions Before the flu epidemic season, timely vaccination, early diagnosis, early isolation and early treatment are the important ways to reduce morbidity and mortality in the elderly with high risk of chronic diseases.