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目的了解农村留守小学生的心理健康状况、人格特征及其关系,为开展留守儿童心理健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷儿童版(EPQ)对3所小学401名学生进行问卷调查并统计分析,比较留守与非留守学生心理健康状况及人格特征差异,并对留守学生心理健康及人格特征进行相关分析。结果留守学生的强迫症状与非留守学生差异无统计学意义外(t=1.311,P>0.05),SCL-90总分(t=3.817)、躯体化(t=3.762)、人际关系敏感(t=3.579)、抑郁(t=3.253)、焦虑(t=3.719)、敌对(t=4.688)、恐怖(t=3.268)、偏执(t=3.749)和精神病性症状(t=3.001)等各因子得分均高于非留守学生,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);在人格特征方面内外向(t=2.175)、神经质(t=2.232)方面得分高于非留守学生(P<0.05),精神质(t=1.108)和掩饰性(t=0.118)与非留守学生差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);SCL-90量表各因子得分均与精神质和神经质呈显著正相关(P<0.01),掩饰性与强迫症状和恐怖两因子相关不显著(P>0.05),与其他因子呈负相关(P<0.01),内外向与各因子呈不显著相关(P>0.05)。结论留守对儿童心理健康和人格发展有不利影响,心理健康和人格特征密切相关,应对小学生开展心理健康铺导,并注重塑造健全人格。
Objective To understand the mental health status, personality characteristics and their relations of left behind pupils in rural areas and to provide a scientific basis for the mental health education of left behind children. Methods A total of 401 primary school students in three primary schools were investigated by means of Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and EPQ (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire) for statistical analysis. The differences of mental health and personality among left-behind and non-left-behind students were compared , And analyze the mental health and personality characteristics of left-behind students. Results There was no significant difference between obsessive-compulsive symptom left behind students and non-left-behind students (t = 1.311, P> 0.05), SCL-90 total score (t = 3.817), somatization (t = 3.762), interpersonal sensitivity = 3.579), depression (t = 3.253), anxiety (t = 3.719), hostility (t = 4.688), horror (t = 3.268), paranoid (t = 3.749) and psychotic symptoms (T = 2.175) and neuroticism (t = 2.232) were higher than non-left-behind students in personality traits (P <0.05), the scores were higher than those of non-left-behind students , Psychoticism (t = 1.108) and disguise (t = 0.118) had no significant difference with non-left-behind students (P> 0.05). SCL-90 scale scores were positively correlated with mental status and neuroticism (P <0.01). There was no significant correlation between disguise and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and horror (P> 0.05), but negatively correlated with other factors (P <0.01). Conclusion Left behind has a negative impact on children’s mental health and personality development, mental health and personality traits are closely related to the primary school students to carry out mental health guidance, and pay attention to shaping a healthy personality.