深入研究农村居民对现阶段收入分配公平满意程度的认知、判断与评价,对于政府制定科学合理的调控政策、促进分配公平、提高居民满意程度、维护社会和谐与稳定具有十分重要的意义。文章以浙江农村居民为例,对现阶段收入分配公平满意度进行问卷调查,构建Ordered Probit模型,对分配公平满意度的构成要素进行实证分析。研究结果表明:农村居民对分配公平满意度相对较高;起点公平、过程公平、结果公平、人力资本、政治资本、物质资本、社会保障、家庭务工人数对分配公平满意度有显著的正向影响。其中起点公平、过程公平、结果公平、人力资本、政治资本、社会保障对分配公平满意度正向影响程度较大,而物质资本、家庭务工人数对分配公平满意度正向影响程度较小。 It is of great significance for the government to formulate a scientific and reasonable regulation and control policy, promote the fair distribution, improve residents ’satisfaction and maintain social harmony and stability by deeply studying the rural residents’ cognition, judgment and evaluation of the current level of income distribution fairness and satisfaction. Taking rural residents in Zhejiang Province as an example, the article conducts a questionnaire survey on the fairness of satisfaction of income distribution at present stage, constructs the Ordered Probit model and makes an empirical analysis of the constituent elements of the distribution of fairness satisfaction. The results show that rural residents are relatively satisfied with the fairness of distribution; the starting point is fair, the process is fair and the result is fair. Human capital, political capital, material capital, social security and the number of domestic workers have a significant positive impact on the fairness of distribution . Among them, the starting point is fair, the process is fair and the result is fair. The human capital, political capital and social security have a positive influence on the satisfaction of the distributional equity, while the material capital and the number of domestic workers have a less positive impact on the distributional equity satisfaction.