针对运载火箭推力矢量伺服控制系统的负载模拟问题,分析了负载的多自由度特性,提出一种负载模拟系统结构并建立了数学模型。仿真结果表明,模拟系统中负载位置输出的动态特性与实际伺服机构负载的动态特性具有一致性。通过原理性实验,在负载的扫频实验中成功体现了负载的多自由度特性。仿真和实验结果证明了此种负载模拟原理的可行性。该负载模拟实验台可以为研制大型运载火箭推力矢量系统的伺服机构提供设计参考依据。 Aiming at the problem of load simulation of launch vehicle thrust vector servo control system, the multi-degree-of-freedom characteristic of load is analyzed. A load simulation system structure is proposed and a mathematical model is established. The simulation results show that the dynamic characteristics of the load position output in the simulation system are consistent with the dynamic characteristics of the actual servo load. Through the principle experiment, the multi-degree-of-freedom characteristic of the load is successfully demonstrated in the swept-frequency experiment of the load. Simulation and experimental results prove the feasibility of this load simulation principle. The load simulation experiment bench can provide reference for the design of servo mechanism of large launch vehicle thrust vector system.