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外业用的测量仪器是在露天之下进行操作的。这不但经常遇到风沙的侵袭，而且也常经受空气温度和湿度变化的有害影响，以及在调动迁站时常受运输的震动。这些因素都会不同程度地影响到仪器的状况，发生各种变化。当然，在仪器的设计与制造上，已经把这些因素作为重要条件来进行了考虑，而且已尽量想办法使仪器能够经受得住外业工作的考验。但是应该承认，仪器经过较长时期的使用以后，以及因工作中出现的某些偶然因素，不可避免地会发生一些故障。因此，测量工作者不仅要懂得仪器的性能和精通操作技术，而且还必须善于保养仪器，并能在野外条件下消除仪器的一般故障。这里愿以数年来对外业仪器检修的点滴经验，提出个人的看法，供大家参考。
The measuring instruments for the field are operated under the open air. Not only is this frequently encountered by wind and sand, but it is also often affected by the detrimental effects of changes in air temperature and humidity, as well as the vibrations that often accompany transportation when relocating relocations. These factors will affect the status of the instrument to varying degrees, a variety of changes. Of course, these factors have been considered as important conditions in the design and manufacture of instruments, and we have tried our best to make the instrument withstand the test of field work. However, it should be acknowledged that some failures will inevitably occur after the instrument is used for a longer period of time and due to some accidental factors in the work. Therefore, the surveyor must not only understand the performance of the instrument and master the operating technique, but also must be good at maintaining the instrument and in the field conditions to eliminate the general failure of the instrument. Here is willing to take years of experience in the field of equipment maintenance, put forward personal views for your reference.