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关于“所有制”的争论,理论界左翼划不清“公有制”和“国有制”的界限,把国有制当成是公有制的最高形式;理论界右翼认为私有制效率最高,主张全盘推行私有化。左右翼的思潮都很危险,都会引起中国大乱。我们急需对我国基本经济制度,宏观调控机制和国有企业改革,进行全面的总结和理论创新。第一,从法律层面给“国有企业”定义。国有企业应严格定义为中央直属企业,政府主体应绝对控股在50%以上。第二,确定国企应存在的领域。首先是自然垄断,市场失灵的领域;其次是参加国际竞争的战略产业,如航空航天等。第三,尽快通过《国有资产法》,清查国有资产流失。对于利用非法手段侵吞国有资产的,坚决予以处罚,要求他们彻底退赔,追溯期可以定在1995年。第四,全面进行理论创新,真正解决国家基本经济制度问题。理论建设的要点是:把意识形态概念与法律概念区分开来。第五,公有制的最高形式是社会所有制,应该把国有制向社会所有转化。如果把社会所有制作为公有制的主要形式,那么坚持公有制为主体,就不再是以国有企业为主体。这就可以在理论上超越左右翼,在实践上走出一条社会主义市场经济下公有制的新路来。第六,国家以非股权控制逐步取代股权控制,发展“国家战略产业”。
On the issue of “ownership ”, the boundary of the left wing of the theoretical circle is not clear, the state-owned system is the highest form of public ownership and the right-wing theory of private sector is the most efficient and claims that the whole body Privatization. Left and right wing of the trend are very dangerous, will cause chaos in China. We urgently need to make a comprehensive summary and theoretical innovation on China’s basic economic system, the macro-control mechanism and the reform of state-owned enterprises. First, from the legal level to “state-owned enterprises ” definition. State-owned enterprises should be strictly defined as the enterprises directly under the Central Government. The main body of government should have an absolute controlling stake of over 50%. Second, identify the areas where state-owned enterprises should exist. The first is the natural monopoly, the market failure areas; followed by participation in international competition in strategic industries, such as aerospace. Third, as soon as possible through the “State-owned Assets Act,” inventory of loss of state-owned assets. Those who use state-owned assets by illegal means are resolutely punished and require them to completely return their claims. The retrospective period can be set in 1995. Fourthly, we should conduct theoretical innovation in an all-round way and truly solve the problem of the basic economic system of the country. The key points of theoretical construction are: to distinguish ideological concepts from legal concepts. Fifth, the highest form of public ownership is social ownership, which should transform all the state ownership into social ownership. If we regard social ownership as the main form of public ownership, insisting on public ownership as the mainstay will no longer be dominated by state-owned enterprises. This can theoretically surpass the left and right wings and in practice take a new road to public ownership under the socialist market economy. Sixthly, the state gradually replaces equity control with non-equity control and develops “national strategic industries.”