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挪威水电开发历史悠久,在长期的发展过程中,积累了丰富的水电开发技术和管理经验,形成了成熟完善的管理制度和法律体系,保障了水电开发科学有序进行。为减缓水电开发对生态环境的不利影响,挪威通过设定严格的环境影响评价和许可论证制度、建立环境保护基金、规定最小河流流量等措施维护河流生态健康,促进了水资源的可持续发展。挪威以本国廉价的水电资源开发促进了高耗能工业的发展,获得了强有力的国际市场竞争能力,为国内经济发展奠定了稳定基础。总结了挪威水电开发过程中生态环境保护方面所取得的经验,以期对我国水电的建设和发展提供借鉴和参考。
Norway has a long history of hydropower development. During its long-term development, it has accumulated rich experience in hydropower development and management and has developed a mature and complete management system and legal system to ensure the scientific and orderly development of hydropower. In order to mitigate the adverse impact of hydropower development on the ecological environment, Norway maintains the ecological health of rivers and promotes the sustainable development of water resources by setting strict environmental impact assessment and permit demonstration systems, establishing environmental protection funds, and stipulating the minimum river flow. With the development of cheap hydropower resources in its own country, Norway promoted the development of the high-energy-consuming industries, gained a strong competitive edge in the international market and laid a solid foundation for the domestic economic development. The experience gained in the ecological environment protection during the development of hydropower in Norway is summarized in order to provide references for the construction and development of hydropower in China.