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目的了解某客车厂电焊工作业环境与健康状况的关系。方法以某客车厂电焊作业工人150人为接触组,该厂不接触有害因素的其他岗位员工120人为对照组,按《职业性健康监护技术规范》(GBZ188-2007)规定的检查项目,对2组人员进行职业性健康检查,比较2组的健康状况。同时测定工作场所电焊烟尘浓度、氮氧化物浓度、噪声强度、紫外辐射强度。结果工作场所电焊烟尘、锰、噪声、紫外辐射等有害因素浓度(强度)均不同程度的超过职业接触限值。接触组有13例(8.7%)有轻度混合性肺通气功能障碍,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);有35例出现不同程度的高频听力损失,占23.3%,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);其余项目异常率与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论电焊作业职业危害状况较为严重,作业工人的健康损害主要为呼吸系统受累和听力损伤。
Objective To understand the relationship between welder working environment and health condition in a bus depot. Methods A total of 150 welding workers in a bus depot was used as the contact group. 120 employees in other positions not exposed to the harmful factors were selected as the control group. According to the inspection items stipulated in Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Monitoring (GBZ188-2007), two groups Occupational health examination staff to compare the health status of two groups. Simultaneous determination of workplace welding dust concentration, nitrogen oxide concentration, noise intensity, ultraviolet radiation intensity. Results The concentrations (intensity) of harmful factors such as welding dust, manganese, noise and ultraviolet radiation in the workplace exceeded the occupational exposure limits to varying degrees. Thirteen patients (8.7%) in the exposure group had mild mixed pulmonary dysfunction, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.01). There were 35 patients with different degrees of high-frequency hearing loss, accounting for 23.3 %, Which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the abnormal rate of the other items between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion The occupational hazards of welding operation are more serious. The health injuries of workers are mainly respiratory system involvement and hearing impairment.