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在全球气候变化背景下异常气象事件频繁发生。华北地区在经历了2010年春季的异常冷湿后,2016年春季又出现了异常暖旱的气象事件。对荚蒾属(Viburnum)植物2009–2016年春季的2次气象事件及正常年份的多年花期物候进行观测,发现春季异常暖旱时荚蒾属植物的花期整体提前,但花期时长均未缩短;海拔跨度小的琼花(V.macrocephalum)和欧洲绣球(V.opulus),其始花期、花前积温和花期长短年际变化幅度较大,而海拔跨度较大的李叶荚蒾(V.prunifolium)、黑果荚蒾(V.lantana)和红蕾荚蒾(V.carlesii)无论春季冷湿或暖旱,其始花期、花前积温和花期长短都表现出较小的可塑性,并且这3个物种的始花期也相对固定。春季气候暖旱时荚蒾枝条的同化产物分配增加,枝条增粗明显,叶片生长速率加快,叶面积更大但叶片更薄,远果叶的同化产物分配显著增加,可能意味着果实发育的同化产物供给受到影响。针对异常气象事件中专属植物的花期物候格局的研究,不仅能更精准地追踪物种繁育特征的环境可塑性及系统认识专属植物的气候变化响应,而且可为物候学大尺度数据分析提供基本信息。
Abnormal weather events occur frequently in the context of global climate change. After experiencing abnormal cold and wetness in the spring of 2010 in North China, anomalous warm-drought meteorological events occurred in spring 2016. Observing the 2 meteorological events of the Viburnum plant in the spring of 2009-2016 and the perennial flowering phenology in normal years, we found that the flowering period of the Phalaenopsis was earlier than that of the normal spring drought, but the flowering time did not shorten; V.macrocephalum and V.opulus with small altitude above sea level had larger interannual variances in their initial florescence, pre-anthesis temperature and flowering duration, whereas V. maxium var. Prunifolium, V.lantana, and V. carlesii exhibited less plasticity at the beginning of flowering, pre-bloom accumulation and flowering regardless of cold or wet spring or warm spring The initial flowering of the three species is also relatively fixed. In warm spring, the distribution of assimilate products in branches and branches increased significantly, the branches became thicker, the leaf growth rate was faster, the leaf area was larger but the leaves were thinner, and the distribution of assimilate products in far fruit leaves significantly increased, which may imply the assimilation of fruit development Product supply is affected. The research on the flowering phenology pattern of the endemic plants in abnormal meteorological events can not only track the environmental plasticity of species breeding characteristics more accurately and systematically understand the climate change response of the exclusive plants but also provide basic information for large-scale phenological data analysis.