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[目的]了解米易县麻疹流行特征,为制定消除麻疹策略提供依据。[方法]对米易县2001~2008年麻疹发病资料进行分析。[结果]2001~2008年共报告麻疹104例,年均发病率为6.35/10万。2001年发病最高达22.72/10万,2006年发病最低为1.42/10万,不同年份间发病率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。县城区发病率为29.85/10万;农村发病率为52.46/10万,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。发病年龄为4个月至48岁。其中,1~14岁66例,>20岁27例。25例(24.04%)有麻疹疫苗免疫史,61例(58.65%)无免疫史,18例(17.31%)免疫史不详。病例主要集中在每年2~4月,共68例,占65.38%。学生的发病数最多,共51例,占49.04%。[结论]米易县麻疹流行情况存在每隔4~6年出现一次流行高峰的特点,其间出现有2次发病高峰,峰值呈总体下降趋势。控制麻疹流行必须提高麻疹疫苗接种率、开展适龄人群麻疹疫苗强化免疫,加强流动人口管理是消除麻疹的重要措施。
[Objective] To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Miyi County and provide basis for formulating measles elimination strategy. [Method] The measles data of Mianyi from 2001 to 2008 were analyzed. [Results] A total of 104 measles cases were reported from 2001 to 2008, with an average annual incidence of 6.35 / 100 000. The highest incidence in 2001 was 22.72 / 100000, the lowest incidence in 2006 was 1.42 / 100000, the incidence of different years was statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of county area was 29.85 / 100000; the incidence rate in rural areas was 52.46 / 100000, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The age of onset is 4 months to 48 years old. Among them, 1 to 14 years old in 66 cases,> 20 years old in 27 cases. Immunization history of measles vaccine was found in 25 cases (24.04%). No immunization history was found in 61 cases (58.65%), and immunization history was unknown in 18 cases (17.31%). Cases are mainly concentrated in 2 to 4 months a year, a total of 68 cases, accounting for 65.38%. The incidence of the most students, a total of 51 cases, accounting for 49.04%. [Conclusion] The epidemic situation of measles in Miyi County was characterized by the appearance of a epidemic peak every 4 to 6 years. There were two incidence peaks during the period, and the peak value showed an overall downward trend. To control the epidemic of measles, it is necessary to increase the measles vaccination rate and carry out the measles vaccine immunization of the age-appropriate population. Strengthening the management of floating population is an important measure to eliminate measles.