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管道充水过程是一种非常复杂的水力瞬变过程,水流将经历从无压流变成有压流的流态转换。本文通过分析管道水击与无压非恒定流的模型相似律,证明只要满足管道水击模型相似律,则管道无压非恒定流模型相似律自然满足。在此基础上,对于依靠重力自流充水的管道系统,给出了管道充水模型的相似律、设计方法和实例。实例表明,当管道沿线合理地设置了通气孔时,管道充水的自由液面流动水面气体压力、密度变化非常小,可以视为无压流动,并且当通气孔内风速小于100m/s时,通气孔内气体压强、密度变化微小,可按不可压缩气体考虑。
Pipeline water filling process is a very complex hydraulic transient process, the water flow will undergo pressureless flow into a pressurized flow of state transition. In this paper, by analyzing the similarity law of the model of water hammer and non-pressure unsteady flow, it is proved that the similar law of pressureless unsteady flow model of pipe meets the natural law as long as the similar law of pipe water hammer model is satisfied. On this basis, the similarity law, design method and examples of the pipeline water filling model are given for the pipeline system relying on gravity gravity watering. The example shows that when the vents are arranged reasonably along the pipeline, the pressure and the density of the flowing surface gas flowing in the free surface of the pipeline filled with water are very small and can be considered as pressureless flow. When the wind speed in the vent is less than 100m / s, Ventilation gas pressure within the small changes in density, can be considered incompressible gas.