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本文旨在重读维多利亚时代晚期至第一次世界大战这一阶段的英国社会史、文学史和观念史,检视该期间英国知识分子在公共角色、社会功能、自我认识上发生的变化,发掘这种变化的缘由以及它对于英国大众和社会价值观的影响。19世纪末到20世纪初,英国的社会结构、思想观念、生活方式发生巨变,宏观如旧有的道德观、性别意识、科学观、艺术观,具体如曾经的教育政策、法律条文以及人们的社交习惯、着装方式无不在陆续解体;新的世界观、认识论、政治理念和文学试验由应运而生走向繁荣。工业革命促使英国的科技工商文明飞速发展,同时又把大众的精神世界推入前所未有的危机。英国知识分子预言了危机,又在危机中不懈思考着出路。而我国目前正值物质文明的高速发展期,对于英国文学同行的考察,无疑可以深化我们对现实的理解,发掘知识分子的社会潜能。
This article seeks to reread the history of British society, literary history and history of ideas from the late Victorian to the First World War, examining the changes that have taken place in the public role, social functioning, and self-awareness of British intellectuals during this period The reason for the change and its impact on the British public and on social values. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Britain’s social structure, ideas, and lifestyles changed dramatically. Macroscopically, such as old morality, gender awareness, scientific outlook and artistic conception, as well as previous education policies, laws and social Habits and ways of dress are gradually disintegrating. The new world outlook, epistemology, political ideas and literary tests have emerged from the moment came to prosperity. The industrial revolution prompted the rapid development of science, technology, industry and commerce in Britain and at the same time pushed the spiritual world of the general public to an unprecedented crisis. British intellectuals predicted the crisis and relentlessly pondered the way out in the crisis. At present, our country is at a time of rapid development of material civilization. An investigation of British literary peers undoubtedly deepens our understanding of reality and explores the social potential of intellectuals.