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上个世纪70年代,奥斯特罗姆因其对“公共资源”的创新性研究为面临“公地悲剧”困境的人们开辟了新的途径,获得了2009年度诺贝尔经济学奖。近年来,奥斯特罗姆对“公共资源”的探索迈入了新的阶段,即从更广阔的社会-生态系统入手,将之视为一门“复杂性科学”来研究,从而丰富了制度分析的方法和领域,更好地阐释了自然资源管理中制度多样性的逻辑机理和实践意义。这一新的分析方法建立了基于跨学科的“共同语言”来“诊断”人类与自然的复杂互动关系,有助于我们重新认识公共资源治理过程中所“隐匿”的复杂结构和互动结果,从而挖掘“公地悲剧”的真正根源,寻找出那些能够真正促进社会与生态可持续发展的因素。
In the 1970s, Ostrom opened up a new avenue for people facing the plight of “the tragedy of the commons” because of his innovative research on “public resources”. He won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics prize. In recent years, Ostrom has explored “public resources” into a new phase, starting with a broader social-ecological system and considering it as a “science of complexity” , Thus enriching the methods and fields of institutional analysis and better illustrating the logical mechanism and practical significance of institutional diversity in natural resource management. This new method of analysis establishes a complex interaction between humans and nature based on interdisciplinary “common language ”, which helps us to re-understand the “hidden” in the process of public resource management Complex structure and interactive results so as to find out the real causes of the tragedy of the commons and find out the factors that can really promote the sustainable development of society and ecology.