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目的了解广东省乙脑的流行情况及临床特征,为制订防治策略提供依据。方法用传染病报告系统及乙脑专病报告系统数据,用描述流行病学方法和样本率比较的检验分析广东省乙脑的流行病学及临床特征。结果 2009-2015年全省共报告乙脑病例369例,年均发病率为0.049 2/10万,死亡15例,病死率4.07%。6月为发病季节高峰,7月后病例明显减少。病例呈散发状态,河源、茂名和肇庆发病率较高,珠江三角洲地区发病率较低。男女发病比为1.88∶1,职业以散居儿童为主。病例以小年龄组人群多见,15岁以下占总发病数的92.14%。病例以免疫史不详和无免疫史为主,有接种史的病例占8.13%。结论广东省乙脑发病呈下降趋势,近年来维持在较低水平。乙脑病例的分布呈现季节性、地域性和人群差异的特点。建议继续做好适龄儿童免疫接种,同时做好宣传教育、防蚊灭蚊等防控措施。
Objective To understand the prevalence and clinical characteristics of JE in Guangdong Province and provide the basis for the development of control strategies. Methods The epidemiological and clinical features of JE in Guangdong Province were analyzed by using the reporting system of infectious diseases and JE disease reporting system. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of JE were analyzed by the test of epidemiological method and sample rate. Results A total of 369 cases of Japanese encephalitis were reported in the province from 2009 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 0.049 2 / 100,000 and 15 deaths with a case fatality rate of 4.07%. June is the peak season of onset, after July significantly reduced cases. Cases were sporadic state, Heyuan, Maoming and Zhaoqing higher incidence of the Pearl River Delta region is lower incidence. Male to female incidence ratio of 1.88: 1, occupation to diaspora mainly. The cases were more common in the younger age group, accounting for 92.14% of the total cases under the age of 15. Case history of unknown immunization and no history of immunization, history of vaccination accounted for 8.13%. Conclusions The incidence of Japanese encephalitis in Guangdong Province is on a downward trend and maintained at a relatively low level in recent years. The distribution of JE cases showed the characteristics of seasonal, regional and population differences. It is recommended that we continue to make immunization of school-age children and prevent and control mosquitoes and mosquitoes at the same time.