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α-晶状体蛋白是晶状体中重要的成分蛋白质,是由αA-和αB-亚基组成的四聚体蛋白质。近年来研究表明α-晶状体蛋白具有很多特性,包括分子伴侣活性、自激酶活性、磷酸化丝氨酸残基-19、45、59模式及通过抑制细胞凋亡蛋白酶前体-3的活化抗凋亡等,但其主要作用在于维持晶状体的结构和屈光性,此外,它还可与视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)的细胞膜结合促进RGCs的存活和轴突的再生,部分改善视功能。α-晶状体蛋白分子伴侣活性的下降可导致其他晶状体蛋白的凝聚和酶的失活,与眼科疾病的发生密切相关。就α-晶状体蛋白的研究进展及其与眼科疾病的关系进行综述。
Alpha-crystallin is an important constituent protein in the lens and is a tetrameric protein consisting of alphaA- and alphaB-subunits. Recent studies have shown that alpha-crystallin has many properties including chaperone activity, auto-kinase activity, phosphorylation of serine residue-19,45,59 and inhibition of apoptosis by activating pro-caspase-3 , But its main role is to maintain the lens structure and refractive power, in addition, it can also be combined with retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to promote the survival of RGCs and axon regeneration, partially improve visual function. The decrease of alpha-crystallin chaperone activity leads to the aggregation of other lens proteins and the inactivation of enzymes, which are closely related to the occurrence of ophthalmological diseases. The research progress of α-crystallin and its relationship with ophthalmological diseases are reviewed.