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一、医疗环境的变化自从德国实行疾病保险法以来,今年已正好一百年了。此间,以东海岸为中心的欧美发达国家,随着由第一产业(农林牧渔等)向第二产业的过渡,教育得到普及,国民经济得到发展,尽管经受了几次战争及自然灾害的考验,国民的医疗保健仍然获得了充实加强。这一方面使得疾病的结构发生了变化,取得了延长人类寿命的成效,但同时也因人口高龄化而导致医疗费用不断增长。本世纪七十年代两次石油危机阻碍了这些国家的经济发展,并给依赖于高度经济增长的福利政策、尤其是医疗环境带来了巨大的变化。二、各国对医疗费用采取的控制措施各国为控制不断增长的医疗费用而苦心积虑,表1从医疗体制角度表示了各国的实况。在英国和瑞典,由于其国民的负担已达到极限,所以丧失了经济活力。在医疗方面,自
First, changes in the medical environment Since the implementation of the Sickness Insurance Act in Germany, this year has been exactly one hundred years. During this period, developed countries in Europe and America centered on the East Coast, with the transition from the primary industry (agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, etc.) to the secondary industry, education has been popularized and the national economy has been developed, despite having experienced several wars and natural disasters. As a test, the health care of the people has still been greatly strengthened. On the one hand, the structure of the disease has changed and the effect of prolonging the life span of human beings has been achieved, but at the same time, medical expenses have been increasing due to the aging population. The two oil crises in the 1970s hindered the economic development of these countries and brought about tremendous changes to welfare policies that depend on high economic growth, especially the medical environment. Second, the country’s control measures on medical costs countries to control the growing cost of medical care and painstaking care, Table 1 from the perspective of the health care system, states the reality of each country. In the United Kingdom and Sweden, economic dynamism has been lost because the burden of their nationals has reached the limit. In the medical area,