本文以中国高铁技术创新实践为例,分析一种由政府主导的,既合作又竞争的技术创新模式。笔者在原有发展型国家分析框架的基础上,引入新经济社会学制度和认知两大变量,指出是制度环境和认知框架建构出不同的产业政策范式,从而影响不同创新模式的形成。在创新的不同阶段,既有的认知框架决定了技术发展路径的选择,既存的制度环境又规制着技术创新的组织形式,塑造了不同时期创新的理性选择。在不同产业政策范式的指引下,原铁道部在打造政产学研合作创新网络的同时,构建寡占竞争格局,通过合作与竞争双重机制推动了中国高铁技术实现创新。 This paper takes the high-speed rail technology innovation practice in China as an example to analyze a government-led technological innovation model that is both cooperative and competitive. Based on the analysis framework of the original development-oriented country, the author introduces two major variables of the new economic sociology system and cognition. It points out that the institutional environment and the cognitive framework construct different industrial policy paradigms, thus affecting the formation of different innovation models. At different stages of innovation, the existing cognitive framework determines the choice of technology development path, the existing institutional environment also regulates the organizational form of technological innovation, and shapes the rational choice of innovation in different periods. Under the guidance of different industrial policy paradigms, the former Ministry of Railways, while building a network of cooperative innovation of government, industry, universities, and research institutes, has established a pattern of oligopolistic competition and promoted China’s high-speed rail technology to achieve innovation through the dual mechanisms of cooperation and competition.