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秸秆深埋还田是农作物秸秆综合利用的一项主要措施,能有效改善辽西旱区存在的“气候干旱、耕层浅薄、土壤有机质低”的问题。在实践基础上优化了机械化秸秆深埋还田机械化作业工艺,确定了机械化秸秆深埋还田关键作业机具。为了提升秸秆深还机械化水平,实现机具的合理配备与选型,以技术经济学中的成本理论为基础,建立机械化秸秆深还技术中深开沟、秸秆配肥深施、覆土起垄机具的作业费用数学模型,进而分析主要机具的工作效率、作业成本、最小和最大临界规模;提出了100 hm2玉米秸秆机械化深还技术机具配备方案,实现玉米联合收获、秸秆深埋还田、免耕播种,达到节本增效的目的。
Depth of straw returning to the soil is a major measure for the comprehensive utilization of crop stalks, which can effectively improve the existing problems such as “arid climate, shallow soil layer and low soil organic matter” in the arid region of western Liaoning. On the basis of practice, mechanized operation technology of mechanized straw deep returning to field was optimized, and the key working equipment of mechanized straw deep returning to field was identified. In order to enhance the mechanization level of straw deep and realize the reasonable equipping and selection of tools, based on the cost theory of technical economics, the paper also established a deep ditching technology with mechanized straw deep technology, The mathematical model of operating costs, and then analysis of the main equipment efficiency, operating costs, the minimum and maximum critical mass; proposed 100 hm2 corn stalks deep mechanization technology equipment with programs to achieve combined corn harvest, straw deep buried, no-tillage sowing , To achieve the purpose of cost-effective.