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江淮地区是我国大豆重要产区,季节性干旱时有发生,发掘适合本地区种植的耐旱新材料十分必要。选用210份江淮大豆育成新品种(系)及其部分亲本为材料,于2015和2016两年进行旱棚盆栽试验,以地上部干重、株高、主根长和根干重4个性状的耐旱系数为指标,通过主成分分析、隶属函数值法和聚类分析对其苗期耐旱性进行综合评价。结果表明:与正常供水相比,干旱胁迫下4个性状均显著降低,其中地上部干重、根干重、株高和主根长平均分别减小54%、42%、39%和15%;方差分析显示各性状在水分处理间和材料间均存在极显著差异,而株高和根干重性状上基因型、水分处理和年份三因子间一级互作和二级互作效应均为极显著。地上部干重与株高、根干重间以及主根长与根干重间的耐旱系数存在显著正相关,反映指标间有内在联系;主成分分析提取的前3个相互独立的主成分的累积贡献率达83.61%,能较好地替代原有4个信息部分重叠的性状;进一步获得耐旱性综合评价D值,结合聚类分析将所有材料分为强耐旱、耐旱、中度耐旱、干旱敏感、干旱强敏感5类。共鉴定出强耐旱材料5份(包括IA2077、YC4H/NN88-31//NN73-935、蒙8108、NN88-48/NN86-4和NN88-48/D76-1609)、耐旱材料57份。来自淮南和淮北地区的强耐旱或耐旱材料分别为27份(占该地区83份材料的32.53%)和19份(占该地区76份材料的25.00%)。所得结果可为大豆耐旱遗传育种提供材料。
The Jianghuai region is an important soybean producing area in China. Seasonal drought has occurred occasionally. It is very necessary to find new drought-resistant materials suitable for planting in this area. A total of 210 Jiangyu soybean cultivars (lines) and some of their parents were selected as materials to conduct a drought-shelter pot experiment in 2015 and 2016. The dry weight, plant height, main root length and root dry weight of four traits Drought coefficient as an indicator, through the principal component analysis, membership function value method and cluster analysis of its seedling drought tolerance comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that compared with normal water supply, the four traits decreased significantly under drought stress. The dry weight, root dry weight, plant height and root length decreased by 54%, 42%, 39% and 15% respectively. Variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference in water treatment and materials among the traits, while the first-order and second-order interactions between plant height and root dry weight traits were genotype, water treatment and year three factors Significant. There was a significant positive correlation between dry weight and plant height, root dry weight, and drought tolerance coefficient between main root length and root dry weight, indicating that there was an internal relationship between the aboveground indexes. The first three independent principal components extracted from principal component analysis Cumulative contribution rate reached 83.61%, which could well replace some of the traits of the original 4 pieces of information. The D value of drought tolerance was further obtained, and all the materials were classified into strong drought tolerance, drought tolerance, moderate Drought tolerance, drought sensitivity, drought sensitive 5 categories. A total of 5 strong drought tolerant materials were identified (including IA2077, YC4H / NN88-31 // NN73-935, Meng 8108, NN88-48 / NN86-4 and NN88-48 / D76-1609) and 57 drought tolerant materials. The strong drought and drought tolerant materials from Huainan and Huaibei were 27 (32.53% of the 83 materials in the region) and 19 (25.00% of the 76 materials in the region) respectively. The results can provide genetic material for drought-tolerant soybean breeding.