(一) 1977年,雷蒙德·威廉斯发表了一部系统探讨那些时常出现于他著述中的理论见解的著作——《马克思主义与文学》。这部书构成了他那称之为“文化唯物主义”理论观念的基础。这本书显示了威廉斯特有的风格:不仅各个章节以关键词作为论述主干,而且全部探讨是以“经济”、“社会”、“文化”和“文明”等概念的历史演变作为开端的。在此需要说明一下,威廉斯并不是在一味倡导用关键词作章节标题的写法,实际上他对某些关键词也是 (A) In 1977, Raymond Williams published a book that systematically explored the theoretical insights often appearing in his writings - “Marxism and Literature.” This book forms the basis of what he calls “cultural materialism.” This book shows William’s unique style: not only does the chapters focus on the key words, but all the discussions begin with the historical evolution of concepts such as “economy,” “society,” “culture,” and “civilization.” In this need to explain, Williams is not blindly advocating the use of keywords for the title of the section of the wording, in fact, he is also some of the key words