最近半世纪以来,真空的应用十分广泛。以近代世界三大成就——原子能、电子学和火箭技术为例,哪一件都不能与真空无关,因此有关获得和测量真空的各种技术也相应地有了极为迅速的发展,特别是在真空获得方面,很多过去认为比较“经典”的概念和“标准”方法都在某种意义上显得有些过时了。根据各种不同場合下要求的真空条件(一般为待抽容器的容积和 In the last half-century, vacuum has been widely used. Taking the three major achievements of the modern world, such as atomic energy, electronics and rocket technology, for example, none of them can be related to vacuum. Therefore, various technologies for acquiring and measuring vacuum have also witnessed an extremely rapid development, especially in the In terms of access to vacuum, many of the concepts and “standard” approaches that in the past were considered more “classic” seem somewhat obsolete. According to the requirements of a variety of different occasions, the vacuum conditions (usually to be drawn container volume and