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目的了解西藏自治区1976—2010年甲、乙类传染病的流行趋势,为该地区的传染病防治工作提供参考依据。方法收集西藏自治区1976年1月—2010年12月甲、乙类传染病的疫情报告数据,根据各年的人口数计算相关传染病的发病率、死亡率和病死率,分析其流行趋势。结果西藏自治区甲、乙类传染病的总发病率、死亡率和病死率分别从1976年的2 572.20/10万、10.49/10万和0.41%下降到2010年的530.19/10万、1.67/10万和0.31%,发病率、死亡率和病死率总体均呈下降趋势(均P<0.05);1976—2010年西藏自治区发病率居于前5位的甲、乙类传染病依次为细菌性痢疾(909.01/10万)、麻疹(194.06/10万)、百日咳(92.49/10万)、肺结核(76.83/10万)、病毒性肝炎(60.81/10万),占甲、乙类传染病报告数的82.31%;死亡率居于前5位的甲、乙类传染病依次为病毒性肝炎(7.78/10万)、细菌性痢疾(3.32/10万)、麻疹(2.26/10万)、百日咳(0.89/10万)和流行性乙型脑炎(0.67/10万),占甲乙类传染病报告数的95.86%;病死率居于前5位的甲、乙类传染病依次为鼠疫(56.32%)、艾滋病(27.27%)、炭疽(13.92%)、病毒性肝炎(12.79%)和流行性乙型脑炎(10.84%)。结论西藏自治区甲、乙类传染病的发病率、死亡率和病死率总体上均呈下降趋势,但细菌性痢疾、麻疹、百日咳、肺结核、病毒性肝炎、流行性乙型脑炎、鼠疫、艾滋病、炭疽仍为西藏自治区应重点防治的甲、乙类传染病。
Objective To understand the epidemic trend of Class A and Group B infectious diseases in the Tibet Autonomous Region from 1976 to 2010 and provide reference for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the region. Methods The epidemic situation data of A and B infectious diseases collected from January 1976 to December 2010 in the Tibet Autonomous Region were collected. The incidence, mortality and mortality of related infectious diseases were calculated according to the population of each year, and the epidemic trends were analyzed. Results The total incidence, mortality and mortality rate of Class A and B infectious diseases in Tibet Autonomous Region decreased from 2,572.20 / 100,000, 10.49 / 100,000 and 0.41% respectively in 1976 to 530.19 / 100,000 and 1.67 / 10 in 2010, respectively (P0.05). In 1976-2010, the top 5 infectious diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region were Bacillary dysentery (with a mean of 0.31%) and morbidity, mortality and mortality all showed a decreasing trend 909.01 / 100 000), measles (194.06 / 100 000), whooping cough (92.49 / 100 000), tuberculosis (76.83 / 100 000) and viral hepatitis (60.81 / 100 000) 82.31%. The top 5 deaths of infectious diseases of A and B were viral hepatitis (7.78 / 100000), bacillary dysentery (3.32 / 100000), measles (2.26 / 100000) and pertussis (0.89 / 100 000) and Japanese encephalitis (0.67 / 100 000) respectively, accounting for 95.86% of the reported number of Class A and B infectious diseases; the top five cases of Class A and B infectious diseases were plague (56.32%), AIDS (27.27%), anthrax (13.92%), viral hepatitis (12.79%) and Japanese encephalitis (10.84%). Conclusions The incidence, mortality and mortality rate of Class A and B infectious diseases in Tibet Autonomous Region have generally declined, but bacillary dysentery, measles, pertussis, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, Japanese encephalitis, plague, AIDS Anthrax is still a type A and B infectious disease that should be prevented and treated in the Tibet Autonomous Region.