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Objective: To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Tripterygium polyglucoside (TⅡ) in treating asthma patients. Methods: Thirty asthma patients of middle or sever leoel were selected and randomly divided into three groups, Group A treated with TⅡ, Group B treated with prednisone and Group C, the control group. Their peripheral CD４＋, CD8＋ T-lymphocytes were counted by flow cytometer and serum interleukin-5 (IL-5) level determined by ELISA before and after 4 weeks′ treatment. Results: In Group A, after treatment, CD４＋ T-lgmphocytes reduced from 0.462±0.035 to 0.426±0.039 (P＜0.01), CD8＋ increased from 0.201±0.045 to 0.253±0.043 (P＜0.01), and serum IL-5 median concentration reduced from 65.3 ng/L to 10.9 ng/L (P＜0.01). Similar results was revealed in Group B, while there was insignificant change of the parameters in Group C. The serum concentration of IL-5 was positively correlated with the peripheral CD４＋ count (r＝0.61, P＜0.01). Conclusion: TⅡ is highly effective in treating asthma through regulating T-lymphocyte subset disorder and inhibiting production of IL-5.