目的探讨高促甲状腺素血症患儿病因分析和治疗时机选择。方法高促甲状腺素血症新生儿83例为A组,另选首诊年龄3-4个月患儿46例为B组,两组予左甲状腺片,每日10-15μg·kg-1·d-1口服,维持剂量为6-8μg·kg-1·d-1。采用放射免疫法测定血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸、甲状腺素、促甲状腺激素水平,观察两组临床表现,比较两组患儿1、2、3岁时的体格和智力发育情况。结果两组临床表现、甲状腺功能变化、病因相仿(P>0.05),A组体格发育和智商发育均优于B组(P<0.05)。结论高促甲状腺素血症患儿需及早诊断、早治疗,特别是在3个月之前针对不同病因采取不同的治疗对策。 Objective To investigate the etiological factor and timing of treatment in children with hyperactive thyroid disease. Methods A total of 83 neonates with hyperkalemia were enrolled in group A. The other 46 patients with first-trimester age were selected as group B. The left thyrocytes were treated with 10-15 μg · kg-1 · d-1 orally, to maintain the dose of 6-8μg · kg-1 · d-1. Serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The clinical manifestations of the two groups were observed. The physical and mental development of the two groups were compared at 1,2,3 years old. Results The clinical manifestations, thyroid function changes and the causes were similar between the two groups (P> 0.05). The physical development and IQ development in group A were better than those in group B (P <0.05). Conclusion Hypertamotinaemia in children need early diagnosis and early treatment, especially in the three months before taking different treatment for different causes.